Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment: CBT, Exposure, Medication, and Self-Help
Updated: Oct 8
Author: Ukrainian Psychological Hub · Published: October 1, 2026 · Editorial Policy
Social anxiety disorder is treatable. For adults, the strongest evidence supports disorder-specific cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), especially individual CBT designed for social anxiety disorder; antidepressant medication—particularly SSRIs and SNRIs—also has established efficacy, while supported CBT-based self-help and internet-delivered CBT can expand access. NICE recommends individual disorder-specific CBT as the initial psychological treatment for adults, and the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) describes CBT as the best-studied psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder.
Treatment is not the same as telling someone to “be more confident,” forcing social exposure, or using a questionnaire score as a diagnosis. A treatment plan begins with a clinical assessment, identifies what is being feared and avoided, considers co-occurring psychiatric and medical conditions, and then matches an evidence-based intervention to the person’s goals, preferences, age, health, prior treatment, and access to care.
This article is educational. It explains evidence and treatment options; it does not provide an individual diagnosis, medication choice, dose, taper, or emergency plan.
What is the best treatment for social anxiety disorder?
For most adults seeking psychotherapy, disorder-specific individual CBT has the clearest evidence base. A large network meta-analysis of 101 trials found individual CBT associated with large improvements and concluded that it should be regarded as a leading initial treatment; SSRIs showed the most consistent pharmacological benefit for people who did not choose psychological treatment. Mayo-Wilson et al., 2014. A newer network meta-analysis covering 90 randomized trials through June 2024 again found CBT to be the most consistently effective psychotherapy family, with strong results for the Clark and Wells protocol. Sun et al., 2025.
That does not mean one treatment is automatically right for everyone. Medication can be a reasonable initial option when a person prefers it, when access to specialized CBT is limited, when depression or another condition changes the clinical picture, or when previous treatment history supports that choice. Some people use both psychotherapy and medication. The choice is a clinical decision made with a qualified professional rather than a universal hierarchy.
The word “best” also depends on what outcome matters: reduction in fear and avoidance, restored functioning, remission, tolerability, speed, durability, access, cost, or the ability to practice treatment in real-world situations. Current evidence supports shared decision-making while keeping disorder-specific CBT and evidence-based antidepressant treatment at the center of adult care. NICE CG159.
Treatment begins with a clear diagnosis and a functional map
Social anxiety disorder is more than ordinary shyness, self-consciousness, stage fright, or temporary anxiety before an important social event. Treatment studies and clinical guidelines concern a disorder characterized by persistent fear of social scrutiny or negative evaluation together with avoidance, intense distress, or meaningful impairment. If the underlying problem is different, the treatment target may also be different. NIMH’s current overview summarizes the diagnostic pattern and the need to rule out unrelated physical causes.
A clinician therefore looks beyond the label “social anxiety.” The assessment may ask which situations trigger fear, what the person predicts will happen, what they notice in their body, how they focus attention, what they avoid, which safety behaviors they use, how much anticipatory worry and post-event rumination occurs, and what the pattern costs them at school, work, in relationships, or in daily life. Our separate guide explains how anxiety disorders are clinically assessed and differentiated.
Differential diagnosis matters. Panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, ADHD, avoidant personality disorder, depression, body dysmorphic disorder, substance-related states, and medical conditions can overlap with parts of the social-anxiety presentation without being the same condition. See Anxiety Differential Diagnosis and Anxiety Symptoms and Medical Differential Diagnosis for the broader diagnostic boundary.
What the evidence supports
The treatment literature is easiest to understand when evidence strength and treatment role are separated. These categories describe the evidence base, not an individual prescription.
• Established first-line psychological evidence: disorder-specific CBT, usually including behavioral experiments or exposure, attention work, cognitive interventions, and reduction of safety behaviors. NICE; Sun et al., 2025.
• Established pharmacological evidence: SSRIs and SNRIs can reduce social-anxiety symptoms in adults, with clinically important differences in side effects, discontinuation effects, interactions, contraindications, and regulatory labeling. Williams et al., 2020.
• Established access-extending evidence: CBT can be delivered remotely and through structured internet programs; guidance and therapist support often improve engagement and outcomes. Guo et al., 2021; Li et al., 2026.
• Context-dependent options: group CBT, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy specifically developed for social anxiety disorder, ACT, and some technology-assisted exposure formats may help, but the evidence base and guideline status are not identical to disorder-specific individual CBT.
• Not routine first-line care: benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics, and over-the-counter remedies such as St. John’s wort are not routinely recommended by NICE for social anxiety disorder. NICE recommendations.
CBT for social anxiety disorder
CBT for social anxiety disorder is not simply generic positive thinking. Effective protocols are built around a model of how fear of negative evaluation is maintained over time. Treatment links thoughts, attention, body sensations, behavior, avoidance, safety strategies, mental imagery, memory, and post-event processing to the situations the person wants to reclaim.
What disorder-specific CBT targets
A typical treatment formulation identifies feared predictions such as “everyone will see that I am anxious,” “I will freeze and be humiliated,” or “if there is a pause, they will think I am incompetent.” The therapist and patient then turn those predictions into testable questions. Treatment aims to gather new evidence through experience rather than merely arguing with anxious thoughts.
Avoidance and safety behaviors are central because they can provide short-term relief while blocking corrective learning. Leaving early, rehearsing every sentence, hiding shaking hands, speaking as little as possible, avoiding eye contact, monitoring one’s voice, using alcohol before social events, or mentally reviewing every perceived mistake can all function as safety strategies in some people. The broader mechanism is explained in Anxiety and Avoidance: How Avoidance Maintains Fear.
The Clark and Wells model
NICE describes a disorder-specific individual CBT protocol based on Clark and Wells that includes psychoeducation, experiments showing the effects of self-focused attention and safety-seeking behavior, video feedback for distorted self-imagery, externally focused attention training, behavioral experiments, work with problematic social memories when relevant, modification of core beliefs, changes to anticipatory and post-event processing, and relapse-prevention planning. NICE CG159, section 1.3.
The 2025 psychotherapy network meta-analysis found particularly strong symptom effects for the Clark and Wells protocol, while also supporting CBT more broadly. Because network meta-analysis compares treatments across a network of trials, apparent rankings should be interpreted with attention to study quality, populations, and indirect comparisons rather than treated as a universal guarantee for an individual. Sun et al., 2025.
The Heimberg model
NICE also recognizes individual CBT based on the Heimberg model. This approach combines education, cognitive restructuring, graduated exposure to feared social situations, work on core beliefs, and relapse prevention. Both models are specifically designed for social anxiety disorder rather than borrowed wholesale from treatment protocols for panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or specific phobia. NICE CG159.
Individual, group, and remote CBT
Group CBT can be effective and can create useful opportunities for social practice and feedback. NICE nevertheless recommends individual disorder-specific CBT over group CBT as the routine initial psychological option for adults, reflecting both clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence in that guideline.
Remote CBT is now a serious treatment format rather than merely an emergency substitute for in-person care. A meta-analysis of 31 studies found remote CBT effective across internet, app, and bibliotherapy formats, and a 2025 network meta-analysis found internet-based treatment broadly comparable with face-to-face approaches across the included evidence. Remote CBT meta-analysis; Sun et al., 2025.
Exposure and behavioral experiments
Exposure is one of the core behavioral methods used in social-anxiety treatment, but the word is often misunderstood. Therapeutic exposure means planned engagement with feared social situations while learning something new about threat, coping, attention, and safety behavior. It is not humiliation, surprise confrontation, or a demand to endure maximum anxiety.
How exposure works in social anxiety treatment
A therapist may help a person approach situations that have been avoided, beginning with tasks that are challenging enough to generate useful learning and progressing toward personally meaningful goals. The important target is not merely “staying anxious until anxiety goes down.” Treatment tests feared predictions: What actually happens if I allow a pause? What happens if I stop rehearsing? How do other people respond if my voice shakes? Can I stay in the conversation even while anxious?
NIMH describes exposure therapy as a CBT method that progressively confronts underlying fears so that people can re-enter activities they have been avoiding. Disorder-specific protocols go further by integrating exposure with attention shifts, cognitive work, behavioral experiments, and safety-behavior reduction. NIMH; NICE.
Why safety behaviors matter
A safety behavior is an action intended to prevent feared social catastrophe or hide anxiety. Some are obvious, such as avoiding speaking. Others are subtle, such as memorizing sentences, gripping a glass to hide trembling, checking one’s facial expression, positioning oneself near an exit, or repeatedly seeking reassurance afterward. Whether a behavior functions as a safety behavior depends on its purpose in that person’s fear cycle.
Behavioral experiments often compare what happens with and without a safety strategy. That creates a better test of the feared belief. The aim is not reckless exposure; ordinary safety, consent, context, and the person’s values still matter.
Exposure should be planned, not forced
Forcing a person into an uncontrolled feared situation can undermine trust and does not represent evidence-based exposure therapy. Good exposure is collaborative, has a clear hypothesis or learning goal, and is repeated or varied enough to produce useful learning. In some sessions anxiety falls; in others it remains uncomfortable. Successful treatment is measured by changed behavior, reduced fear and avoidance over time, improved functioning, and new learning—not by a requirement that distress reach zero during every exercise.
Medication for social anxiety disorder
Medication is an evidence-based option for adult social anxiety disorder. The best-supported medication classes are SSRIs and SNRIs. A 2020 systematic review and network meta-analysis included 67 randomized controlled trials and found evidence of response for several antidepressants, while also documenting tolerability and adverse-event dropout differences. Williams et al., 2020.
SSRIs and SNRIs
NICE recommends an SSRI when an adult prefers pharmacological treatment, naming escitalopram or sertraline as initial options in its UK guideline and describing alternatives after nonresponse or intolerance. NICE CG159. Regulatory approvals differ by country and product, so a guideline recommendation should not be mistaken for a statement about U.S. labeling.
In the United States, current DailyMed labeling documents social anxiety disorder efficacy or indications for products containing sertraline, paroxetine, and extended-release venlafaxine. A clinician still has to consider the particular product label, medical history, other medications, prior response, adverse-effect profile, pregnancy or lactation when relevant, age, and patient preference.
How long medication takes to work
SSRIs and SNRIs are not immediate anti-anxiety sedatives. NIMH notes that they may take several weeks to begin working, and NICE advises explaining that the full anxiolytic effect develops gradually. Treatment response is usually assessed over time rather than after a few doses. NIMH; NICE.
If medication helps, stopping immediately after improvement can increase relapse risk. Duration of continuation is a clinical decision. NICE advises continued treatment after remission and provides a structured follow-up approach, but the exact duration should be individualized rather than copied from an educational page.
Side effects, activation, and discontinuation
Antidepressants can cause adverse effects. Depending on the drug, these may include gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, sleep changes, activation or jitteriness, sexual side effects, and other effects described in the product label. NICE specifically advises discussing early activation—such as increased anxiety, agitation, jitteriness, or sleep problems—and discontinuation syndromes before prescribing. NICE.
Antidepressant labels also contain age-related suicidality warnings for children, adolescents, and young adults and require appropriate monitoring. This is one reason medication decisions require clinical follow-up rather than self-prescribing. Current warnings and contraindications should be checked in the specific DailyMed sertraline label or other current product information.
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines can reduce anxiety quickly, and some trials have shown efficacy, but they are not routine first-line treatment for social anxiety disorder. NICE advises against routinely offering them for adults with social anxiety disorder. In the United States, the FDA requires a boxed warning for the class because of risks including abuse, misuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal; abrupt discontinuation or overly rapid dose reduction can provoke serious withdrawal reactions. FDA benzodiazepine safety communication.
That distinction matters: “works quickly” and “is the preferred long-term treatment” are different claims. A medication can reduce acute anxiety yet still be a poor routine choice when dependence, sedation, cognitive effects, interactions, and withdrawal risks are weighed against alternatives.
Beta-blockers and performance anxiety
Beta-blockers can reduce peripheral autonomic symptoms such as tremor, sweating, or rapid heartbeat and are sometimes used for circumscribed performance situations. NIMH notes their role in performance-type social anxiety. NIMH. They do not address the full cognitive-behavioral pattern of generalized social anxiety disorder and are not a substitute for disorder-specific CBT when broad fear and avoidance are the main problem.
MAOIs and other medications
Some older or less commonly used medications have efficacy signals, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors, but they carry interaction, dietary, monitoring, or tolerability burdens that generally place them outside routine first-line care. NICE places MAOIs later in its pharmacological sequence after inadequate response to better-tolerated options. It also advises against routinely using anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics, or benzodiazepines for social anxiety disorder. NICE CG159.
Supplements marketed for “anxiety” are not interchangeable with evidence-based treatment. In particular, NICE advises against St. John’s wort for social anxiety disorder because of limited evidence and clinically important interaction concerns.
Should CBT and medication be combined?
Combination treatment is reasonable in some clinical situations, but “two treatments must be better than one” is not supported as a universal rule for social anxiety disorder. The evidence depends on which psychotherapy, which medication, which population, and whether the goal is initial treatment, augmentation after partial response, or relapse prevention.
In the 2014 network meta-analysis, combined interventions showed large effects compared with waitlist, but the combination evidence was low quality and involved relatively few participants; there was no evidence that combinations were superior to the leading monotherapies. Mayo-Wilson et al., 2014. A randomized trial comparing cognitive therapy, paroxetine, their combination, and placebo found durable advantages for cognitive therapy at follow-up and did not demonstrate a general advantage for the combination. Nordahl et al., 2016.
NICE therefore uses combination treatment strategically rather than automatically: for example, it suggests considering medication in addition to individual CBT after only a partial CBT response, or adding individual CBT after a partial response to an SSRI. NICE CG159.
Self-help and internet-based CBT
“Self-help” covers very different interventions. A structured CBT program with disorder-specific exercises, exposure tasks, behavioral experiments, symptom monitoring, and some professional support is not the same thing as motivational content, generic relaxation advice, or scrolling through social-anxiety tips.
NICE recommends CBT-based supported self-help for adults who decline individual CBT. Earlier network evidence found supported self-help efficacious, and later meta-analyses have continued to support internet-delivered CBT. NICE; Guo et al., 2021.
The evidence base has continued to expand. A 2026 systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of 42 randomized trials found robust effects across several forms of internet-based CBT and favorable results for internet-based cognitive therapy. Li et al., 2026. This supports digital delivery as a clinically meaningful format, while still leaving questions about which programs, guidance levels, populations, and implementation settings work best.
Guided programs generally have advantages in adherence, troubleshooting, and tailoring. Self-guided treatment can still help some people, but severe impairment, diagnostic uncertainty, substance misuse, major depression, suicidality, complicated comorbidity, or repeated treatment failure are reasons to involve a qualified clinician rather than relying on a stand-alone program.
ACT, mindfulness, psychodynamic therapy, and social-skills work
Acceptance and commitment therapy
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) aims to change a person’s relationship to distressing internal experiences while increasing behavior guided by values. NIMH describes ACT as an option with a growing research base for social anxiety disorder. NIMH. The evidence is developing, but ACT does not currently displace disorder-specific CBT as the most established psychological treatment.
Mindfulness-based interventions
Mindfulness skills can be useful components of broader care, and trials suggest benefit for some people. Still, evidence and guideline recommendations are less consistent than for disorder-specific CBT. NICE does not recommend mindfulness-based interventions as routine treatment for social anxiety disorder, while newer comparative evidence includes mindfulness among psychotherapies with some efficacy signals. NICE; Sun et al., 2025.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Psychodynamic psychotherapy specifically adapted for social anxiety disorder has evidence of benefit, but NICE considers it less clinically effective and less cost-effective than CBT, supported self-help, and pharmacological interventions. It may be considered when a person declines the better-established options.
Social-skills training
Some CBT programs include social-skills training and rehearsal. The important nuance is that social anxiety disorder does not automatically mean a person lacks social skills. A person can be socially capable while fear, self-focused attention, avoidance, or safety behavior prevents those skills from being expressed. Skills training is most useful when the assessment identifies a real skills target rather than assuming one from the diagnosis.
How long does treatment take?
There is no single treatment duration. NICE describes a Clark and Wells course of up to 14 approximately 90-minute sessions over about four months and a Heimberg course using a structured sequence of sessions with graduated exposure and cognitive work. Those are protocol examples, not universal schedules. NICE CG159.
Medication typically takes weeks rather than hours to produce its full therapeutic effect, and clinical response can continue to evolve over a longer trial. Stopping or switching too early can make an effective treatment look ineffective; continuing an ineffective or poorly tolerated treatment indefinitely is also inappropriate. Monitoring should consider symptoms, avoidance, functioning, adverse effects, adherence, and the person’s own goals.
CBT gains can persist beyond the end of treatment. A meta-analysis of 25 randomized trials found that improvements after CBT for social anxiety disorder were maintained at long-term follow-up, although the authors also noted limitations in the long-term comparison data. Kindred et al., 2022.
What if the first treatment does not work?
A partial or absent response is not a reason to conclude that social anxiety disorder is untreatable. It is a signal to reassess the case and the treatment process. The next step depends on what was tried, whether it was delivered adequately, whether the person could engage with it, and whether the original formulation still fits.
• Confirm the clinical target. Is the primary problem social anxiety disorder, another anxiety disorder, depression, trauma-related symptoms, body dysmorphic concerns, autism-related social overload, substance use, a medical condition, or a combination?
• Check treatment quality and dose in the non-pharmacological sense: Was CBT actually disorder-specific? Were behavioral experiments or exposure practiced outside sessions? Were safety behaviors identified? Was avoidance addressed?
• Check medication implementation with the prescriber: Was there an adequate monitored trial? Were adverse effects, interactions, adherence, or discontinuation problems limiting treatment?
• Measure function as well as symptoms. A lower questionnaire score is useful, but returning to classes, meetings, friendships, dating, interviews, presentations, or ordinary errands may be the more meaningful outcome.
• Use evidence-based sequencing rather than random switching. NICE provides specific pathways for partial response and nonresponse to CBT and SSRIs/SNRIs. NICE CG159.
Treatment for children and adolescents
Children and adolescents require developmentally appropriate assessment and treatment. Social avoidance can affect school attendance, classroom participation, friendships, family routines, and developmental opportunities, but a child who is quiet or slow to warm up does not automatically have social anxiety disorder.
NICE recommends psychological treatment built around CBT principles for children and young people, including psychoeducation, exposure to feared social situations, social-skills work when indicated, rehearsal, and parent involvement particularly for younger children. It advises against routinely offering medication for social anxiety disorder in children and young people. NICE CG159.
A 2024 systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials also supports psychological interventions for pediatric social anxiety disorder, while emphasizing variation among treatment formats and a more limited evidence base than in adults. Xian et al., 2024. Treatment planning should therefore involve clinicians experienced with child and adolescent anxiety rather than simply importing an adult medication pathway.
When social anxiety co-occurs with other conditions
Comorbidity is common. NIMH notes that social anxiety disorder can co-occur with depression, other anxiety disorders, OCD, ADHD, body dysmorphic disorder, bipolar disorder, and alcohol or substance misuse. NIMH. Co-occurrence changes treatment planning because one problem can interfere with another—for example, depression can reduce energy for behavioral practice, substance use can become a safety behavior, and ADHD can complicate homework organization.
The answer is not necessarily to postpone social-anxiety treatment until everything else is “fixed.” Clinicians often decide which problems are most impairing, which are causally linked, what creates immediate safety concerns, and whether an integrated or staged plan is more practical. The key is to avoid assuming that every symptom belongs to social anxiety disorder.
Physical symptoms also deserve appropriate medical judgment. Palpitations, tremor, sweating, dizziness, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal distress, or faintness can occur with anxiety, but they can also have medical or substance-related causes. New, severe, unexplained, or atypical symptoms should not be assigned to anxiety solely because a person also has social fear.
What can self-care contribute?
Sleep, regular physical activity, nutrition, limiting substances that worsen anxiety, and supportive relationships can improve general resilience and make treatment easier to engage with. NIMH explicitly notes that healthy habits may help but do not replace treatment for social anxiety disorder. NIMH.
A useful self-care goal is not “never feel anxious.” It is to create conditions that support learning and participation: showing up to planned exposures, reducing avoidance, noticing safety behaviors, practicing attention outside the self, recovering after difficult interactions without hours of rumination, and maintaining routines that support mood and sleep.
Alcohol or sedatives used as a social “confidence tool” can become part of the maintenance cycle and create additional health risks. If substance use is frequent, escalating, difficult to control, or necessary to enter social situations, that is clinically relevant information to discuss with a professional.
How to choose among CBT, medication, exposure, and self-help
A practical treatment decision can be organized around six questions: What is the confirmed clinical problem? How severe is impairment? What has already been tried? What does the person prefer? What is medically safe and tolerable? What high-quality treatment is actually accessible?
Someone who strongly prefers psychotherapy and can access a therapist trained in social-anxiety CBT has a well-supported first option. Someone who prefers medication may reasonably discuss an SSRI or SNRI with a prescriber. Someone who cannot access face-to-face treatment may have a strong evidence-based alternative in guided internet CBT. A person with partial response may need augmentation, sequencing, or a better formulation rather than simply more of the same.
Treatment should be collaborative. A technically evidence-based intervention delivered without consent, explanation, adequate monitoring, or attention to the person’s goals is poor care. Evidence tells us which approaches tend to work; clinical assessment determines how those approaches should be used for a particular person.
When to seek professional or urgent help
Professional assessment is appropriate when social fear or avoidance persistently interferes with education, work, relationships, health care, ordinary errands, or important life goals; when self-help has not been enough; when depression, substance use, or another mental-health condition may be present; or when medication is being considered.
Urgent local help is appropriate when there is imminent danger, a suicide attempt or plan with immediate intent, severe intoxication or withdrawal, psychosis, or another acute medical or psychiatric emergency. In the United States, NIMH directs people in suicidal crisis to call or text 988; elsewhere, use the local emergency or crisis service.
Frequently asked questions
Can social anxiety disorder be cured?
“Cure” is not the most precise clinical outcome. Many people improve substantially with evidence-based treatment, and some reach remission or no longer meet diagnostic criteria. Relapse or symptom return can occur, which is why CBT protocols include relapse-prevention planning and medication plans are monitored over time.
Is CBT better than medication for social anxiety disorder?
Across comparative evidence, disorder-specific individual CBT has particularly strong and durable support and is the preferred initial psychological treatment in NICE guidance. SSRIs and SNRIs are also effective and may be preferred or clinically appropriate for some adults. The 2014 network meta-analysis found strong effects for individual CBT and consistent benefit for SSRIs/SNRIs. Mayo-Wilson et al., 2014.
Does exposure therapy make social anxiety worse?
Well-designed exposure can temporarily increase anxiety because it involves approaching feared situations. That is expected and different from causing the disorder to worsen. Exposure should be collaborative, purposeful, appropriately graded, and integrated into a treatment plan. Forcing uncontrolled exposure or humiliating someone is not evidence-based exposure therapy.
Can I treat social anxiety disorder at home?
Structured CBT-based self-help and internet CBT can be effective, especially when guided. Guo et al., 2021. Generic advice is not equivalent to treatment, and professional help becomes more important with severe impairment, diagnostic uncertainty, comorbidity, substance misuse, suicidality, or repeated nonresponse.
Do I need medication forever?
Not necessarily. The appropriate duration depends on response, relapse history, adverse effects, comorbidity, and the treatment plan. Antidepressants should not be stopped abruptly without prescriber guidance because discontinuation symptoms can occur, and some medications have higher discontinuation burden than others.
Are beta-blockers a treatment for social anxiety disorder?
They can reduce physical symptoms in circumscribed performance situations and may be used in that context, but they do not treat the full cognitive-behavioral pattern of broad social anxiety disorder. They should not be assumed to be the default treatment for generalized social fear and avoidance.
Is social anxiety disorder the same as shyness?
No. Shyness is a common personality or temperamental characteristic and can exist without clinically significant distress or impairment. Social anxiety disorder involves a persistent clinical pattern of fear, avoidance, or distress that meaningfully interferes with life.
Does CBT have to be face to face?
No. Evidence supports remote and internet-delivered CBT, particularly structured programs based on established treatment models. Therapist guidance often helps, and not every app or online program has evidence simply because it uses the label “CBT.” Li et al., 2026.
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